Assuntos
Doença de Crohn , Poliarterite Nodosa , Humanos , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Poliarterite Nodosa/tratamento farmacológico , Poliarterite Nodosa/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Resistência a Medicamentos , Biópsia , AdultoRESUMO
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of inflammatory disorders in which autoantibodies damage small arteries throughout the body, including in the upper and lower respiratory system, kidneys, as well as the skin. AAV may be precipitated by a variety of causes, including infections. In this report, we examine the case of a patient who developed AAV that was suspected primarily based on mucocutaneous hemorrhagic bullae, elevated ANCA levels, and subsequently confirmed by kidney biopsy, while recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. AAV and COVID-19 infections may present with similar symptoms, rendering an accurate diagnosis challenging. Additionally, only a few other cases describing a similar onset of AAV post-COVID-19 infection have been described in the literature. Initial presenting features of AAV in such cases have varied considerably, which makes the diagnosis even more challenging. We also engage in a review of such cases to assess key similarities, different treatment options, and outcomes. Lastly, the fact that several mechanisms have been proposed for AAV highlights the need for continued research to help clarify the pathophysiology while also identifying the optimal therapy.
RESUMO
Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with a hypercoagulable state leading to a wide variety of systemic manifestations and obstetric complications. The different pathologic manifestations can be a result of arterial and venous thrombosis, microthrombotic angiopathy, embolization, obstetric disease, and non-thrombotic phenomenon. Presently, the treatment centers on anticoagulation. Two randomized prospective studies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome with initial thromboembolic event support the target international normalized ratio of 2.0 to 3.0 for the prevention of future thrombotic events. With pregnancy, the combination of aspirin and heparin is still the standard of care. In addition, non-thrombotic features and any associated autoimmune disease may need to be treated. Underlying risk factors precipitating the thromboembolic phenomenon need to be addressed as well.